X2

X2 consists of small notes on facts, culture, and history of physics in Persian. The texts are in the pdf format. To view them, Adobe (Acrobat) reader 5 or later is needed. Adobe reader can be obtained from Adobe reader download.

Using, printing, and publishing these texts for non-commercial purposes is free, provided they are not alterred in any sense (including text, style, and orthography). For any other use, author's permission is needed.
X2 (2010)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-068 (2010/05/28) pdf The fastest and slowest living creatures

X2-067 (2010/04/30) pdf Quantum mechanics and Iran, I: old quantum mechanics

X2-066 (2010/02/27) pdf Turning off LEDs to save electricity?

X2-065 (2010/01/29) pdf Melting temperature versus pressure
X2 (2009)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-064 (2009/11/28) pdf Rotation of stars

X2-063 (2009/10/29) pdf The speed of propagation of the electric field, and the speed of charges

X2-062 (2009/08/27) pdf Maximum of the speed in running

X2-061 (2009/07/30) pdf Sharpness of phase transition

X2-060 (2009/05/30) pdf Escaping the gravitational field

X2-059 (2009/04/24) pdf Relativity and Iran

X2-058 (2009/02/27) pdf Energy released in an earthquake

X2-057 (2009/01/22) pdf Tunneling probability for electron and proton
X2 (2008)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-056 (2008/11/30) pdf Adiabatic, isothermal, and evanescent sound

X2-055 (2008/10/31) pdf Surface tension in the nucleus

X2-054 (2008/08/29) pdf Thermodynamics and Iran, III: 
                        Statistical mechanics

X2-053 (2008/07/28) pdf Moon's halo, and water droplets

X2-052 (2008/05/31) pdf The electric field of the earth

X2-051 (2008/04/29) pdf The energy of rain

X2-050 (2008/02/29) pdf Are green leaves optimum for photosynthesis?

X2-049 (2008/01/31) pdf Density of elements
X2 (2007)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-048 (2007/11/09) pdf Energy saving: turning off a lamp, 
                        or changing it

X2-047 (2007/10/13) pdf Energy released in the collision of 
                        a heavenly body with the earth

X2-046 (2007/08/10) pdf Thermodynamics and Iran, II: 
                        Clausius and Kelvin

X2-045 (2007/07/11) pdf Development and the price of goods

X2-044 (2007/05/31) pdf Multi-question quiz

X2-043 (2007/04/29) pdf Changing scales versus time

X2-042 (2007/02/28) pdf Sound and the amplitude of the 
                        displacement of the air molecules

X2-041 (2007/01/19) pdf Are all chemical reactions incomplete?
X2 (2006)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-040 (2006/11/24) pdf Desalination of water: 
                        reverse osmosis versus distillation

X2-039 (2006/10/12) pdf Power consumption in the world, 
                        and the water of the oceans

X2-038 (2006/08/04) pdf Thermodynamics and Iran, I: 
                        Rumford, Carnot, and Joule

X2-037 (2006/07/06) pdf Old cars and fuel consumption

X2-036 (2006/05/19) pdf The magnetic fields of planets and stars

X2-035 (2006/04/02) pdf Windows and energy consumption

X2-034 (2006/02/24) pdf Elecetromagnetics and Iran, III: 
                        electrodynamics

X2-033 (2006/01/06) pdf Why there are no very-large animals
                        on the earth?
X2 (2005)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-032 (2005/11/25) pdf The nucleons and the photons of the universe

X2-031 (2005/10/07) pdf The eye, the photographic film, 
                        and the digital camera

X2-030 (2005/08/31) pdf Swimming in heavy water

X2-029 (2005/07/27) pdf The power of the stars

X2-028 (2005/05/27) pdf Chemical energy, nuclear energy

X2-027 (2005/04/26) pdf The power a human needs to survive

X2-026 (2005/02/28) pdf Molecular distances and energies, 
                        and the bulk modulus

X2-025 (2005/01/15) pdf Elecetromagnetics and Iran, II: 
                        magnetostatics
X2 (2004)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-024 (2004/11/12) pdf The tidal effect of the Moon on the Earth, 
                        and the change of the sidereal day

X2-023 (2004/10/15) pdf Water wasted due to faulty faucets in Tehran

X2-022 (2004/08/25) pdf Complexity of the living organisms and galaxies

X2-021 (2004/07/31) pdf Solar energy, and the world's energy consumption

X2-020 (2004/05/08) pdf Elecetromagnetics and Iran, I: 
                        the electrostatics of Coulomb and Poisson

X2-019 (2004/04/10) pdf Density of the universe at different scales

X2-018 (2004/02/14) pdf The carbon dioxide emmited by human into the atmosphere

X2-017 (2004/01/12) pdf Global warming, and the rise of ocean levels
X2 (2003)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-016 (2003/12/13) pdf Galileo and the Leaning Tower of Pisa

X2-015 (2003/10/31) pdf The number of the nucleons of the observable universe

X2-014 (2003/09/24) pdf The gravitational radiation

X2-013 (2003/07/28) pdf The surface tension, and the latent heat of evaporation

X2-012 (2003/06/20) pdf The resolving power of the eye, and the heavenly bodies

X2-011 (2003/04/29) pdf Birth of the new science and Iran, III: 
                        from Lagrange to Hamilton

X2-010 (2003/03/21) pdf Cloud, rain, hailstone

X2-009 (2003/01/31) pdf The nearest neighbor of the Earth (after the Moon)
X2 (2002)                                        back to mamwad 
X2-008 (2002/12/25) pdf Birth of the new science and Iran, II: 
                        Newton

X2-007 (2002/10/22) pdf Birth of the new science and Iran, I: 
                        from Kopernik to Galileo

X2-006 (2002/08/06) pdf The history of the oblateness of the earth

X2-005 (2002/07/14) pdf The lightning

X2-004 (2002/05/20) pdf Birth of the matrix mechanics in the second half of 1925

X2-003 (2002/04/09) pdf Heisenberg, Born, and Pauli

X2-002 (2002/02/22) pdf Power consumption per capita, and production per capita

X2-001 (2002/01/06) pdf The industrial revolution in terms of the spinning machine